We measured neuronal activation in the lateral hypothalamus (LH), paraventricular nucleus (PVN) dorsomedial nucleus (DMN) and ventromedial hypothalamus (VMN) of the hypothalamus, and nucleus dorsomedialis posterior thalami (DMP) of the thalamus. 
Outside of the telencephalon at P9, we found distinct label in nucleus ovoidalis (OV), nucleus spiriformis lateralis (SpL), and nucleus subpretectalis (SP) in the midbrain, almost the entire diencephalon including nucleus dorsomedialis posterior thalami (DMP), stratum griseum et fibrosum superficiale (SGF) in optic tectum, and Purkinje cells in cerebellum.
By injecting two kinds of neuroanatomical tracers, we found that a topographically segregated pathway from nucleus ovoidalis (Ov) and nucleus dorsomedialis posterior thalami (DMP) to VP and further to RA and HVC.
The DTZ is located dorsomedially in the diencephalon of birds and consists of several subnuclei: nucleus dorsomedialis anterior thalami (DMA), nucleus dorsomedialis posterior thalami (DMP), nucleus dorsolateralis anterior thalami, pars medialis (DLM), nucleus dorsointermedius posterior thalami (DIP), nucleus dorsolateralis posterior thalami (DLP), and nucleus subhabenularis lateralis (SHL).
ir-cGnRH II fibers were prominent in limbic structures (cortex piriformis, lateral to nucleus taeniae, hippocampus); olfactory areas (tuberculum olfactorium, nucleus subhabenularis lateralis, nucleus septalis lateralis); areas that in other avian species have steroid-concentrating cells or receptors (medial edge of lobus parolfactorius, nucleus septalis medialis, nucleus periventricularis magnocellularis, nucleus dorsomedialis posterior thalami); and areas containing ir-GnRH I cells or fibers but not in median eminence.
Near by (but not overlapping) fields in NI and HV receive input from the nucleus dorsomedialis posterior thalami (DMP), the archistriatum and ectostriatum.
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